The articulatory features that distinguish different vowel sounds are said to determine the vowel's quality. Daniel Jones developed the cardinal vowel system to describe vowels in terms of the common features height (vertical dimension) , Backness (horizontal dimension) and Roundedness (lip position) . These three parameters are indicated in the schematic IPA vowel diagram on the right. There are however still more possible features of vowel quality, such as the velum position (nasality) , type of vocal fold vibration, and tongue root position
Sent him to life imprisonment
for violating the talking manner,
And the innocent found at last
That he's dumb and deaf?
* In matters of style, swim with the current; in matters of principle, stand like a rock.
-Thomas Jeffersn
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